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What is cancer?: Cancer is a malignant tumor, is a general name of a class of diseases, these diseases have some common characteristics. In addition to proliferating, cancer cells will locally invade surrounding normal tissues and even spread to other parts of the body through the blood circulation system or lymphatic system. There are now more than 100 known types of cancer.

How does cancer start?: The root cause of cancer can be traced to the accumulation of MUTATIONS in DNA. The accumulation of mutations leads to high expression of proteins that promote cell growth and disrupt the function of tumor-suppressor genes, leading to abnormal cell cycle control. Substances that cause mutations are known as mutagens, and mutagens that can cause cancer are known as carcinogens. Different carcinogens can cause different cancers. For example, chemicals inhaled from smoking can cause lung cancer; Long-term exposure to UV radiation can lead to melanoma and other skin tumors. In addition, many cancers originate from virus infection, and the viruses related to cancer mainly have hepatitis B virus, EB virus, human papilloma virus and so on.

What is gene?: Gene refers to the DNA sequence carrying genetic information, which is the basic genetic unit controlling traits, i.e. a section of functional DNA sequence. Genes control the expression of traits (differences) by directing the synthesis of proteins that represent the genetic information they carry. Humans have about 20,000 to 25,000 genes.

What is NGS technology?: NGS technology is short for Second generation sequencing technology, which is a name relative to first generation sequencing technology. DNA sequencing is A technique used to analyze the sequence of the bases of A particular section of DNA, that is, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Second-generation sequencing is also called high-throughput sequencing because it can sequence millions of DNA fragments simultaneously.

What are the advantages of NGS technology over traditional molecular diagnostic methods?: Traditional molecular diagnostic methods (such as PCR, FISH, IHC, etc.) cannot simultaneously detect the mutation, fusion, amplification, insertion, deletion and other changes of multiple genes. At present, only NGS technology can be used for parallel detection of multi-gene and multi-variant forms. NGS technology can help patients in the shortest time to spend the least amount of money to detect all targeted drug gene mutations, for patients as much as possible to fight for targeted therapy opportunities.

What are the treatment method of cancer?: Currently there are surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and other cancer treatment methods.

Which kind of method treats cancer optimal?: The advantages and disadvantages of every treatment has its own, in the same way, the curative effect of different cancer is endless also and same, multi-disciplinary comprehensive treatment should be taken and the principle of combining "individualization treatment", namely, according to the state of the patient's body, tumor pathological histology and molecular classification, invasion, and the scope and development trend to adopt multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment pattern, In order to prolong the survival time, improve the survival rate, control tumor progression and improve the quality of life of patients, we should apply various therapeutic methods in a planned and reasonable way.

Which kind of patients can take targeted drugs?: Targeted drugs are designed to target the genetic variation that causes cancer, and they only work on patients who carry the specific genetic variation that corresponds to a targeted drug.

How can I determine if I can take targeted drugs?: For patients with different types of cancer, the corresponding molecular test is performed to see if there are gene mutations that are meaningful for targeted drugs.

What are the methods and contents of molecular detection?: Traditional molecular detection methods include Sanger sequencing, qPCR, ARMs-PCR, FISH and IHC, etc. Gene variation types include gene point mutation, insertion deletion, copy number variation and fusion, etc. Traditional test method of a single test sample size and number of genes, Numbers of variation and variation type is limited, and the latest second generation sequencing technology can well solve these problems, this method has high flux, genes and loci, much variation type testing etc, realized the multiple drug targets for gene, variation in the form of parallel test.

What do we need to provide for genetic testing using second-generation sequencing technology?: The samples received by Rendong Medical include: surgical or puncture specimens, pathological sections (white slices), pleural effusion and peripheral blood. Professional Streck vascular collection provided by Rendong Medical shall be used for blood collection. Specific requirements for preservation and delivery shall be communicated with the local sampling personnel.

What are hereditary tumors?: There are two kinds of tumors, one is caused by acquired factors, and the other is caused by congenital genetic factors, which are called hereditary tumors. For example, if cancer has been present in a family for several generations, it is likely to be hereditary.

What do hereditary tumors have to do with genes?: Cancer is a "genetic disease". All tumors are associated with abnormal changes in genes, and hereditary tumors are caused by patients being born with abnormal or defective genes. These defects lead to hereditary tumorigenesis, called tumor susceptibility genes.

What is genetic testing for hereditary cancer?: Genetic testing refers to the process of obtaining trace samples (such as a small amount of peripheral blood, etc.) of the tester and analyzing and testing the genetic information of the subject through professional technical methods. Genetic tests for inherited tumors screen subjects for abnormal mutations in genes that predispose them to inherited tumors.